Spurius Afranius
Spurius Afranius
23 вересня 2022, 19:37

The dawn of European poetry. Homer is the first and greatest poet of the ancient world.

The dawn of European poetry. Homer is the first and greatest poet of the ancient world.
The wrath sing, goddess, of Peleus' son, Achilles
This line marked the beginning of European poetry. A line from the Iliad. The author of the Iliad and the Odyssey, two of the greatest works of antiquity, which gave Greece, and then the whole world, an incalculable number of subjects for literary works, painting, and sculpture. Works that created moral imperatives for subsequent generations of Europeans. Who is he, this titan of the spirit, whose works are still relevant now, after more than 2700 years. Homer, according to the tradition that has existed since ancient times, is a blind poet, whose poetic gift was incomparable. Many cities disputed in ancient times the right to be called his homeland. We do not know in which of the four main Greek dialects Homer spoke and created his works. In the 6th century BC, by order of the Athenian tyrant Peisistratus, a canonical version of the texts of the poem was written down in the Ionic Athenian dialect. But in the original, these works sounded apparently on the other. Homer managed to combine in two great works heroic songs, legends, stories from the life of the gods more than 400 years before his birth. The time of Homer's life is not exactly known, but according to most modern studies, it falls in the middle of the 8th century. The main plot of the works, the war of the Achaean states and leaders against Troy, is more than 400 years from the time of Homer's life! And for example, the description of the stormy voyage of Odysseus along the Strait of Messina between Sicily and the Apennine Peninsula (between Scylla and Charybdis) is fully consistent with the description of the similar experience of those who survived the Messina earthquake at sea in the early 20th century. According to geologists, the previous such earthquake described in the Odyssey happened at the turn of the 2nd and 1st millennia BC, that is, approximately 250 years before Homer. Apparently, the information and myths that formed the basis of the Iliad and the Odyssey were originally presented in the Cypriot-Arkadian dialect of the ancient Greek language, which was a direct descendant of the spoken language of the Achaeans. As a result of the raids of the peoples of the sea, the writing of the Achaeans (Linear B) was lost, therefore all information about the period described in the Iliad and the Odyssey was preserved orally. But whether the Iliad and the Odyssey were written down at least partially during the life of Homer - such a possibility exists. The descendants of the Achaeans who fled to Cyprus used the Cypriot syllabary, which, after borrowing the alphabet from the Phoenicians, was also forgotten. Nevertheless, the next work of the Classic cycle about the Trojan War (about its first 9 years) and describing the events that took place earlier described in the Iliad was written in Cyprus and is called Cyprae!
Bust of Homer, 460 BC, Roman copy after a Greek original, Glyptothek, Munich
Bust of Homer, 460 BC, Roman copy after a Greek original, Glyptothek, Munich
Bust of Homer, 2nd century BC, Roman copy after a Greek original
Bust of Homer, 2nd century BC, Roman copy after a Greek original


Mycenaean warriors from the frescoes of the palace at Pylos, 1300 BC
Mycenaean warriors from the frescoes of the palace at Pylos, 1300 BC

Pithos from Mykonos, Trojan horse, circa 675 BC
Pithos from Mykonos, Trojan horse, circa 675 BC

vessel from Corinth,  the characters of the Trojan War. 590 - 570 years BC.
vessel from Corinth,  the characters of the Trojan War. 590 - 570 years BC.

Odysseus escapes the sirens Athenian jar, 480-470BC
Odysseus escapes the sirens Athenian jar, 480-470BC

Achilles and Hector
Achilles and Hector

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